which software was the first available for microcomputers quizlet
IBMs initial investment of $5 billion was quickly returned as orders for the system climbed to 1,000 per month within two years. Lisa itself, and especially its GUI, were inspired by earlier work at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center. Mathematician George Stibitz recommends using a relay-based calculator for the project. The knowledge and technologies developed for the Stretch project played a major role in the design, management, and manufacture of the later IBM System/360--the most successful computer family in IBM history. microprocessor/ processor. In 1939, Bell Telephone Laboratories completes this calculator, designed by scientist George Stibitz. The Mark-8 Do-It-Yourself kit is designed by graduate student John Titus and uses the Intel 8008 microprocessor. Tailored for online transaction processing, the Tandem-16 is one of the first commercial fault-tolerant computers. This type of computer is useful in performing many of the mathematical equations scientists and engineers encounter in their work. See Answer. Compaq licensed the MS-DOS operating system from Microsoft and legally reverse-engineered IBMs BIOS software. Friedl used the SCAMP prototype to gain approval within IBM to promote and develop IBMs 5100 family of computers, including the most successful, the 5150, also known as the IBM Personal Computer (PC), introduced in 1981. One of the earliest and most popular pieces of software for microcomputers was the VisiCalc spreadsheet program. The TI 99/4 sold well and led to a series of TI follow-on machines. It was one of the first commercially available relational database management systems for microcomputers. The Baby was built to test a new memory technology developed by Williams and Kilburn -- soon known as the Williams Tube which was the first high-speed electronic random access memory for computers. The machine was noted for its ease-of-use and included a 'manual' that contained only a few pictures and less than 20 words. After successfully demonstrating a proof-of-concept prototype in 1939, Professor John Vincent Atanasoff receives funds to build a full-scale machine at Iowa State College (now University). What is the general term for software whose source code is made available for free and permits users to use, change, and improve it? What type of integration strategy is a teacher using when his students videoconference to exchange ideas about water pollution prevention? High packaging density of integrated circuits and a novel Freon cooling system also contributed to its speed. The project became the One Laptop per Child Consortium (OLPC) founded by Nicholas Negroponte, the founder of MIT's Media Lab. The MOS 6502 was introduced at a conference in San Francisco at a cost of $25, far less than comparable processors from Intel and Motorola, leading some attendees to believe that the company was perpetrating a hoax. The SSEC was one of the last of the generation of 'super calculators' to be built using electromechanical technology. At its introduction, it was listed as the second fastest supercomputer in the world and this single system increased NASA's supercomputing capacity 10-fold. Graduation rates are lower in online schools. Today those systems use the PowerPC chip, also by Motorola and a successor to the 68000 series. For easy replacement, designers placed each transistor circuit inside a "bottle," similar to a vacuum tube. A large parallel processing computer, the ILLIAC IV does not operate until 1972. Which of the following is an online course characteristic that supports success? What is the function of an IEP generator? Five times faster than its predecessor, the 8008, the Intel 8080 could address four times as many bytes for a total of 64 kilobytes. On April 7, IBM announced five models of System/360, spanning a 50-to-1 performance range. The primary distinguishing characteristic of modern computers is ____. Most historians believe that the use of Colossus machines significantly shortened the war by providing evidence of enemy intentions and beliefs. Which software was the first available for microcomputers? In October 1961, the Navy tested the NTDS on the USS Oriskany carrier and the USS King and USS Mahan frigates. answer choices 20 pin P1 connector 8 pin auxiliary connector 24+4 pin P1 connector The 486 chips remained similar in structure to their predecessors, the 386 chips. VTech, founded in Hong Kong, had been a manufacturer of Pong-like games and educational toys when they introduce the Laser 128 computer. Which of the following is not one of the kinds of interaction that Moore said characterized online courses? That means if you want to get started collecting microcomputers, knowing which system to go for first can be overwhelming. It was also one of the first computers to use all-diode logic, a technology more reliable than vacuum tubes. Featuring the first graphical user interface (GUI) for IBM -compatible PCs, the Windows OS soon dominated the PC market. Of the dozens of different SWTP kits available, the 6800 proved the most popular. The first of several personal computers released in 1977, the PET comes fully assembled with either 4 or 8 KB of memory, a built-in cassette tape drive, and a membrane keyboard. The 2116A also marked HP's first use of integrated circuits in a commercial product. Originally a joint project with IBM and Microsoft, OS/2 is know maintained by IBM, and was a competitive product to the various MS Windows programs. spreadsheet program The Alto is a groundbreaking computer with wide influence on the computer industry. The popularity of 16-bit computers, such as the Hewlett-Packard 21xx series and the Data General Nova, led the way toward word lengths that were multiples of the 8-bit byte. What is a key technological infrastructure resource for online teaching? HP Netserver LM, one of the first to use Intel's Pentium. At MIT, researchers begin experimenting with direct keyboard input to computers, a precursor to todays normal mode of operation. The basic idea for bombes came from Polish code-breaker Marian Rejewski's 1938 "Bomba.". When was the word "computer" first used? The NeXT had three Motorola microprocessors and 8 MB of RAM. IBMs 7000 series of mainframe computers are the companys first to use transistors. While imprisoned at Buchenwald concentration camp for the rest of World War II, he refines his pre-war design of a calculator featuring a modified version of Leibnizs stepped drum design. Reduced instruction set computers (RISC) grow out of the observation that the simplest 20 percent of a computers instruction set does 80 percent of the work. It was the fastest computer in the world from November 2009 to June 2010. Which is an acknowledged benefit of software with drill and practice functions? . In 1975, Scelbi introduced the 8B version with 16 KB of memory for the business market. What is a typical classroom application for instructional games? Built in Sydney, Australia by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research for use in its Radio physics Laboratory in Sydney, CSIRAC was designed by British-born Trevor Pearcey, and used unusual 12-hole paper tape. Description. The first release proved so popular there was a long delay in delivering systems on release. Follow-on versions of the Kindle added further audio-video capabilities. [2] The device's success led to the creation of MIT Lincoln Laboratory in 1951. Intel's first microprocessor, a 1/16-by-1/8-inch chip called the 4004, had the same computing power as the massive ENIAC. The British Broadcasting Corporations Computer Literacy Project hoped to introduce interested adults to the world of computers. Acorn produces a popular computer, the BBC Microcomputer System, so viewers at home could follow along on their own home computers as they watched the program. It had 32 KB of memory and sold for $8,000. These are the two categories people usually use to describe tutorial software functions. Many of the 1101s basic architectural details were used again in later Remington-Rand computers until the 1960s. Apple launches the iPhone - a combination of web browser, music player and cell phone - which could download new functionality in the form of "apps" (applications) from the online Apple store. any combo of hardware or software designed to provide services to us. What is the best statement about your choice of a microcontroller for the project? Conceived by Harvard physics professor Howard Aiken, and designed and built by IBM, the Harvard Mark 1 is a room-sized, relay-based calculator. microcomputer, an electronic device with a microprocessor as its central processing unit (CPU). It interfaced with a wide number of standard laboratory instruments, allowing customers to computerize their instrument systems. True/False False Mac OS X (now macOS) runs the same kernel used in its predecessor, Mac OS 9. What do sites such as edshelf, Learning List, What Works Clearinghouse, EdSurge Product Index, and Common Sense Education help teachers with? H. Edward Roberts, the Florida-born former U.S. Air Force officer who headed MITS, decided to design a small, affordable computer around the Intel 8080. The laser printer was used with PARCs Alto computer, and was commercialized as the Xerox 9700. Thousands of software titles were released over the lifespan of the C64 and by the time it was discontinued in 1993, it had sold more than 22 million units. Based on Charles Babbage's second design for a mechanical calculating engine, a team at the Science Museum in London sets out to prove that the design would have worked as planned. Designed by Don Lancaster, the TV Typewriter is an easy-to-build kit that can display alphanumeric information on an ordinary television set. SWAC was used to solve problems in numerical analysis, including developing climate models and discovering five previously unknown Mersenne prime numbers. Based on ideas from Alan Turing, Britains Pilot ACE computer is constructed at the National Physical Laboratory. The iPad combines many of the popular capabilities of the iPhone, such as built-in high-definition camera, access to the iTunes Store, and audio-video capabilities, but with a nine-inch screen and without the phone. Palm Inc., founded by Ed Colligan, Donna Dubinsky, and Jeff Hawkins, originally created software for the Casio Zoomer personal data assistant. The machines system of connections and switches let processors broadcast information and requests for help to other processors in a simulation of brain-like associative recall. Typical applications included US national defense work, including the design and simulation of nuclear weapons, and weather forecasting. The Macintosh Portable was heavy, weighing sixteen pounds, and expensive (US$6,500). Intel released the 80486 microprocessor and the i860 RISC/coprocessor chip, each of which contained more than 1 million transistors. A consortium of aerospace, energy, and marine science agencies undertook the project, and the system was built by NEC around their SX-6 architecture. Each Cray-1 took a full year to assemble and test and cost about $10 million. It was thus an important milestone in computing as soon Microsoft Windows and the Apple Macintosh would soon adopt the GUI as their user interface, making it the new paradigm for personal computing. The machine was expandable, with ports for cassette storage, serial interface and rudimentary networking. The Air incorporated many of the technologies that had been associated with Apple's MacBook line of laptops, including integrated camera, and Wi-Fi capabilities. In a widely circulated paper, mathematician John von Neumann outlines the architecture of a stored-program computer, including electronic storage of programming information and data -- which eliminates the need for more clumsy methods of programming such as plugboards, punched cards and paper. The Arduino used a Java-based integrated development environment and users could access a library of programs, called Wiring, that allowed for simplified programming. A British government contract spurred its initial development but a change in government led to loss of funding and the second and only other Mark I was sold at a major loss to the University of Toronto, where it was re-christened FERUT. Performing far better than the company projections of 3,000 units for the first year, in the first month after its release Tandy Radio Shacks first desktop computer the TRS-80 sells 10,000 units. Airline reservation agents working with SABRE. Later, Sun Microsystems, founded as a spin-off of a student project at Stanford University, also began selling Unix-based desktop workstations in 1982. It developed a very loyal following while add-on components allowed it to be upgraded easily. In all, about 200 of the boards were sold before Apple announced the follow-on Apple II a year later as a ready-to-use computer for consumers, a model which sold in the millions for nearly two decades. Select the power connector that is specified by the ATX Version 2.2 standard, which allows more power to the motherboard for PCI Express (PCIe) devices. While Apple sued to remove the Laser 128 from the market, they were unsuccessful and the Laser remained one of the very few Apple clones for sale. Physicist Stan Frankel, intrigued by small, general-purpose computers, developed the MINAC at Caltech. The camera had a maximum resolution of 0.11 megapixels a 256-color display, and photos could be shared wirelessly. Eventually, SABRE expanded, even making airline reservations available via on-line services such as CompuServe, Genie, and America Online. Within weeks of its appearance, customers inundated its maker, MITS, with orders. The first generation of Palm-produced devices, the Palm 1000 and 5000, are based around a Motorola microprocessor running at 16MHz, and uses a special gestural input language called Graffiti, which is quick to learn and fast. The IBM PC was widely copied (cloned) and led to the creation of a vast ecosystem of software, peripherals, and other commodities for use with the platform. Astronauts communicated with the computer by punching two-digit codes into the display and keyboard unit (DSKY). Under the leadership of MIT's Gordon Brown and Jay Forrester, the team first built a small analog simulator, but found it inaccurate and inflexible. The PC Jr. is marketed as a home computer but is too expensive and limited in performance to compete with many of the other machines in that market. The World Wide Web was invented in the 90s The first digital computing services were invented in the The first commercial computers were available in First PCs in the First Cell phones in the 1940s 1950 80s 90s The first computer was designed to fire missles A "Bug" is used to describe Constructed at MITs Lincoln Laboratory, the TX-0 moved to the MIT Research Laboratory of Electronics, where it hosted some early imaginative tests of programming, including writing a Western movie shown on television, 3-D tic-tac-toe, and a maze in which a mouse found martinis and became increasingly inebriated. The first large-scale computer communications network, SAGE connects 23 hardened computer sites in the US and Canada. MADDIDA is a digital drum-based differential analyzer. Be, founded by former Apple executive Jean Louis Gasse and a number of former Apple, NeXT and SUN employees, releases their only product the BeBox. The first microcomputer was the Intel 4004, introduced in 1971. Acorn spun off ARM as its own company to license microprocessor designs, which in turn has transformed mobile computing with ARMs low power, high-performance processors and systems-on-chip (SoC). The line was discontinued less than two years later. One of the first commercially produced computers, the companys first customer was the US Navy. Bill Gates and Paul Allen licensed their BASIC programming language interpreter to MITS as the main language for the Altair. . Reaching 32 gigaflops (32 billion floating point operations per second), Intels Touchstone Delta has 512 processors operating independently, arranged in a two-dimensional communications mesh. Caltech researchers used this supercomputer prototype for projects such as real-time processing of satellite images, and for simulating molecular models in AIDS research. The dorm-room headquartered company sold IBM PC-compatible computers built from stock components. Wang was a successful calculator manufacturer, then a successful word processor company. A driver education teacher might use this kind of software to let students "practice" driving before actually getting in a car. Apple introduces their first ultra notebook a light, thin laptop with high-capacity battery. The Institute of Advanced Study (IAS) computer is a multi-year research project conducted under the overall supervision of world-famous mathematician John von Neumann. Built as an electro-mechanical means of decrypting Nazi ENIGMA-based military communications during World War II, the British Bombe is conceived of by computer pioneer Alan Turing and Harold Keen of the British Tabulating Machine Company. The first advertisement for a microprocessor, the Intel 4004, appears in Electronic News. Upgrade to Quizlet Plus to study with no ads, offline access and even more premium features, like image uploading and scanning to create sets. The first offering to the public required the buyer to purchase one to be given to a child in the developing world as a condition of acquiring a machine for themselves. The Paragon at Caltech was named the fastest supercomputer in the world in 1992. The Model 650 was also highly popular in universities, where a generation of students first learned programming. IBM establishes the 650 as its first mass-produced computer, with the company selling 450 in just one year. The Apple Mac computer running the Mac OS System 1 was the first commercially available computer with a graphical user interface. 1951. Question 13. True/False True The most controversial changes to Windows in Windows 8 were the GUI. More than 50 PDP-1s were sold. Which of the following has research shown to be a benefit of online learning? Based on the Intel 8008 microprocessor, the Micral is one of the earliest commercial, non-kit personal computers. Its base price was $6,500. and taking up a volume of less than 1 cubic foot.